Age spots: Understanding those stubborn dark patches on your skin

Have you found yourself catching a glimpse in the mirror and noticing small brown spots that weren't there last year? If you’re over 40 (or maybe even not there yet), you’re definitely not imagining things.

If you're wondering "what are age spots?" or searching for answers about those mysterious dark patches appearing on your skin, you've come to the right place.

Here’s everything you need to know about age spots, including natural removal options that actually work.

What are age spots?

Age spots (also called sunspots, liver spots or solar lentigines) are those flat, brown, tan or black patches that seem to appear overnight on your skin.

These sharply defined spots typically show up on the areas that have seen the most sun over the years—your face, hands, shoulders, arms and upper chest. They're caused by overactive pigment cells that go into overdrive when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, producing excess melanin (the natural pigment that gives your skin its color).

What causes age spots?

The causes are varied, but almost always have to do with sun, aging and, yes, genetics. Your genetic makeup, including your skin color, does influence your ability to develop age spots. But remember, like so many other skin disorders, a combination of genes and the environment contribute. Here are the primary causes:

• Years of UV exposure from sun and tanning beds
• Natural aging process
• Genetics 
• Fair skin that's more susceptible to sun damage

What are liver spots, and why the name?

You might be wondering about the difference between age spots and liver spots—here's the truth: they're exactly the same thing! The term "liver spots" is actually a misnomer from back when people mistakenly believed these spots were connected to liver problems. Spoiler alert: your liver is probably doing just fine.

The name stuck around, but now we know these spots have absolutely nothing to do with your liver function and everything to do with sun exposure and aging.

Recognizing age spots

There are some typical age spot characteristics, so here is what to look out for:

Typical age spot characteristics:

• Flat, oval or round patches
• Brown, tan or black coloring
• Smooth texture (no raised bumps)
• Uniform color throughout
• Size ranges from a few millimeters to about an inch
• Most common in people over 40

You might have just a few scattered spots, or if you're a longtime sun worshipper, you could have dozens covering your hands and face. Both scenarios are completely normal.

When to talk to a doctor

While age spots are harmless, it's crucial to know when a spot needs professional evaluation. Schedule a dermatology appointment if any spot:

• Changes size, color or shape
• Develops irregular or blurred borders
• Contains multiple colors
• Starts bleeding, itching or becomes tender
• Appears suddenly or looks different from your other spots

Remember: it's always better to have a suspicious spot checked and hear "it's nothing" than to ignore something potentially serious.

How to get rid of age spots… professionally

The good news is that age spots don't require treatment for health reasons, but if they're bothering you, several effective options can lighten or remove them:

• Laser therapy: Uses targeted light to break down pigment
• Chemical peels: Remove damaged skin layers to reveal fresh skin underneath
• Cryotherapy: Freezes spots with liquid nitrogen
• Dermabrasion: Gently sands away the top skin layer
• Prescription lightening creams: Gradually fade spots over time

Most treatments require multiple sessions, and since age spots are considered cosmetic, insurance typically won't cover the costs. Always consult with a dermatologist to discuss which option is best for your skin type and budget.

How to remove age spots naturally: Home remedies that work

While natural remedies work more slowly than professional treatments, some people see improvement with consistent use.

Natural options to consider:

• Vitamin C serums: Help brighten skin and may gradually lighten spots
• Retinol products: Encourage cell turnover to fade discoloration
• Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs): Gently exfoliate to reveal brighter skin
• Consistent sunscreen use: Prevents existing spots from getting darker

Natural methods require patience to see noticeable results. If you want faster, more dramatic improvement, professional treatments are your best bet.

Prevention is your best defense against age spots

Here's the truth that everyone needs to know: the best treatment for age spots is preventing them in the first place. And of course, anti-aging skin care tips definitely won’t hurt.

Your daily prevention toolkit:

• Broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen (yes, even on cloudy days!)
• Wide-brimmed hats for extra face protection
• UV-protective clothing for extended outdoor activities
• Seeking shade during peak sun hours (10 AM to 4 PM)

Ready for clearer skin?

Age spots and liver spots are a natural part of aging and sun exposure—they're not dangerous, but they don't have to be permanent either. Whether you choose professional treatment, natural remedies or simply embrace them as part of your story, the choice is entirely yours.

Need a spot check? Find a dermatologist near you and take the first step toward the clear, healthy skin you deserve. A dermatologist can help you create a personalized plan that fits your goals, lifestyle and budget.